How and why health care expenditures affect health outcomes is not clear.
A salient benefit of comparing footprints at the household level and how these footprints are affected by household income is that it is possible to consider how increases in consumption expenditures affect the footprints.
In terms of managerial flexibility, future studies may investigate how choice in capital expenditure affects income volatility in various sectors.
As well, foreign direct investment has a technology spillover effect and government expenditure affects private investment in R&D.
However, there have been no clear findings on the extent to which high medical expenditure affects household income.
The proportion of private expenditure of total healthcare expenditure affects positively self-rated health, though the effect estimate is lower than for poor living conditions.
Even though the difference on OOP between insured and uninsured was not statistically significant, it is important to note that the people in the Kassena-Nankana district are among the poorest in Ghana and therefore any marginal difference in expenditure affects attitude towards treatment.
This paper aims to investigate whether a firm's behaviour regarding earnings manipulation through cuts in research and development (R&D) expenditures is affected by the crisis in Eurozone countries.
However, based on empirical evidence available in the literature, we assumed that an individual's probability of incurring high LTCI expenditures was affected by age, individual disability status, income level, insurance coverage, and consumption pattern of services, as the main expenditure drivers.
By studying, in detail, how the relationship between on the one hand FE and DC (technique) and on the other GE (energy expenditure) is affected by cadence, more insight may be obtained in how cycling technique and energy expenditure are related.
The company had limited finances and tightened its expenditure which affected the salaries of its employees.
