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Early approaches to adjustment of health expenditure were based on demographic variables alone.
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Energy expenditure was based on a rating system developed by Hettinger et al. [49] and distinguishes between work of low, moderate and high activity which corresponds to an energy expenditure of <8, 8 12 and >12 kJ/min.
As in most surveys, information on expenditure was based on recall and thus subject to errors in the reported figures.
Energy expenditure was based on estimated basal metabolic rate (17), and a physical activity level of 1.55 (sedentary) was assumed for this cohort of office workers.
For example, some road-repair expenditures were based on the miles of highways in each state, and some aid to state governments was based on past Medicaid funding.
DATA EXTRACTION METHODS: VA outpatient care and nonacute inpatient care expenditures were based on unit expenditures and utilization, while VA expenditures for acute inpatient care were calculated from a Medicare-based inpatient cost function.
Even the IRS tax code's tax credits for R&D expenditures are based on the idea that R&D is a non-essential expenditure and managers would avoid those investments without fiscal incentives.
The limits on expenditures are based on the voting-age population of each state and, applying a formula of roughly seven cents a person, range this year from a low of $67,560 for Senate races in the 12 smallest states to $1.6 million in California.
The estimation of drug expenditures was based on several assumptions that may have caused under- or overestimation.
Forecasted personnel expenditures are based on the total hours worked each month by the manager and the front desk/instructor employees.
The estimation of T2DM-attributable expenditures was based on the difference in expenditures between patients with T2DM and matched controls without diabetes.
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