Strategies that clinicians recommend but which have not been evaluated or validated risk expenditure on resources that may or may not provide a material benefit to patient care, safety, or satisfaction.
Compared to ankle and wrist, hip was the best location for monitor placement to predict the energy expenditure from physical activity when validated against with VmaxST portable metabolic system (R = 0.90)[ 32].
The SenseWear Armband (SWA) (Bodymedia, Pittsburgh, PA) is a wireless, non-invasive physical activity monitor worn on the upper posterior of the left arm that has been previously validated for energy expenditure during free-living and structured physical activity with good levels of agreement with criterion measures [ 6– 9].
The Taiwan IPAQ-SF (International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form) [ 17] instead of the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire [ 18] was used to measure energy expenditure because the former has been validated in Taiwanese populations [ 17].
Four studies investigated construct validity (Table 4): The ActivPAL™ accelerometer (step count) was validated against ActivPAL™ (estimated energy expenditure) with strong correlation (r=−0.91) [ 46] and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance-Scale (p<0.05) [ 47].
Actitrainer uniaxial accelerometer has been validated for assessing PA and energy expenditure [ 35].
This measure of permanent income has been validated against reported household income and expenditures using household survey data from Greece, Peru, Indonesia, Nepal, and Pakistan [ 24, 25].
The instrument provides good characterisation of overall levels of physical activity and has been validated against gold standard measures of energy expenditure [ 34].
It has been validated against an objective measure of energy expenditure (heart rate monitoring) and self reported physical activity logs and against the validated international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ-Long) 23 in a study of 186 adults.
Four of the studies were validated by doubly labeled water measurements of energy expenditure.
Secondly, in human and animal studies, accelerometry is usually validated against either directly observed movement or against energy expenditure, both methods being regarded widely as 'gold standards' for the validation of movement [ 2, 9– 11].
