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For our purposes, and given the lack of detailed data, it was assumed that the available monthly expenditure for services and goods is a crude but reasonable proxy of the available income by age group.
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In national income accounting, private consumption expenditure is divided into three broad categories: expenditures for services, for durable goods, and for nondurable goods.
A payment proxy based on procedure code and region of care by the data provider was estimated for expenditures for services provided under capitation arrangements.
In fact, empirically, out-of-pocket expenditure for dental services (OOPE) is higher compared to other medical services.
In the past, the regulator's pricing model showed a bias towards capital investments for new infrastructure by water utilities rather than operating expenditure for enhanced services.
Patient payment growth is shown more clearly in Figure 3 where we show the trend in MDK and MDKC for expenditure for medical services.
This study analyses the socio-economic determinants of out-of-pocket expenditure for dental services (OOPE) in Austria at the household level.
Using Yao's [27] notation and expenditure components with suffixes A, B and C, the expenditure share of component in total expenditure for medical services is written as: w f = u f u, f = A, B, C (4).
So as a side effect our paper also evaluates the validity of this data source to study the determinants of health expenditures in general and expenditure for dental services in particular.
In 2005, Medicare Australia expenditure for ART services totalled $108.4 million, a 117% increase from 2003 [ 41].
Recurrent expenditure for hospital services went up from 27 billion in 1997/1997 to 76 billion in 2007/2008 in nominal terms, increasing almost 3 times in ten years.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com