Because these payments don't dribble out at a constant rate, and because income from government and tuition payments arrives in lump sums, universities always keep a balance in their accounts to handle expenditure fluctuations.
Furthermore, specialised reports on public pharmaceutical expenditure issues show that the fluctuation in the number of prescriptions always follows a seasonal pattern in Spain.
The academics at the time, he said, were in thrall to "naïve Keynesianism," drawing a straight line from government's contribution to national expenditure and income to economic fluctuations without regard for potentially more powerful changes in the money supply.One need not share Mr Congdon's monetarist interpretation to agree with the essence.
In the setting considered, the chronic and transient components of headcount poverty are roughly equal, while three-quarters of the mean poverty gap is transient in the sense of being due to within-year fluctuations in expenditures.
Using an unbalanced panel of almost 11,000 firm-years from 1997 to 2006, we show that greater fluctuations in the firm's R&D expenditure over time are associated with higher firm growth.
This model profiles and approximates the dynamic aging process that involves the development of chronic diseases, deterioration of health status, fluctuation of body mass index, and Medicare expenditures for each beneficiary from age 65 to death.
The fluctuation of the membership is small due to the high expenditure involved (examination, costs for radio equipment).
The distinction between the flow of consumption as economists conceive it (including the services of durable goods owned by households) and consumption expenditure as measured in national income accounts is vital to understanding macroeconomic fluctuations.
There were large fluctuations in the rural provinces of Northern Cape and North West, where nursing agency expenditure as a percentage of overall provincial spending was 8.06% in the Northern Cape in 2009/10 and 8.14% in North West in 2008/9.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01607.002 Nearly all organisms balance fluctuations in the availability of energy sources with the need for energy expenditure.
Include any other factors that you think might affect the economic stability of the country, such as the make-up of its labor force, unemployment rate, energy production, government expenditures, economic relief from other countries, etc. 2. Pick a currency and track its fluctuation in value over a period of time.
