Notes: OOPE=out-of-pocket expenditures; SE=standard error; MMSE=Mini-Mental Status Examination; ADL=activities of daily living; APACHE II=Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II.
Huge effort and resource-expenditure go into error-free data collection; errors should not be introduced subsequently by less-than-meticulous data management.
In addition to environmental temperature, individual variance of hair density and physical activity, which influence body temperature and energy expenditure, will also incur error when explaining the phenotypes observed from mice.
Moreover, we individually calibrated heart rate response to energy expenditure, which reduces estimation error in general and is particularly relevant in this study because of the physiological effects of pregnancy on heart rate.
On average, each additional year with diabetes increases annual medical expenditures by $158 (standard error = $38) above and beyond increases in medical expenditures due to aging.
Conditional on diabetes-related comorbidities, an additional year with diabetes increases average annual medical expenditures by $75 (standard error $55).
Conditional on diabetes complications, each additional year with diabetes increases annual medical expenditures by $75 (standard error = $55).
An additional year with diabetes, holding demographic variables constant, increases average annual medical expenditures by $158 (standard error = $38; Table 3).
