This analysis also shows diminishing returns in social expenditures, confirming the hypothesis of conditional convergence toward country-specific equilibriums, as disparities across countries did not disappear in the long run.
The nearly equal distribution of energy expenditures confirms Smil's assumption that energy is the universal currency [30] for people's welfare and can be seen as an indicator of the basic needs of the households, whereby "basic" means something different in different countries for Germany basic needs means an energy consumption which offers social participation.
The rather (but by far not completely) equal distribution of energy expenditures confirms Smil's finding that energy is the universal currency (Sen, On Economic Inequality, 1973) for people's welfare and can be seen as an indicator of the basic needs of households irrespective of household income.
Will the campaign change this, or will the next month of hectic campaigning, saturation media coverage and frenetic expenditure just confirm opinions held already?
Behind this idea lies the assumption of an absolute beta convergence to a common upper level of social expenditure, thereby confirming the saturation effect.2. Püss et al. (2005) find the presence of statistically significant beta convergence for total and per capita social expenditure at purchasing power parity (PPP) as a share of GDP for EU countries over the period 1993 2000.
A multi-country analysis has shown that a group of countries in Latin America have high rates of catastrophic health expenditure [ 17], confirming the lack of financial protection, particularly among the poor in the region.
Some authors have called this observation a "decrease in relative energy intake (food intake minus energy expenditure)" and we confirm these findings in the setting of stress in NW and OW/OB children.
The Washington Post reported that an anonymous Defense Department spokesman had confirmed the $5,000 expenditure but insisted that the money went only toward standard upgrades for the room and did not include any purchases of furniture.
Research focusing on load-carrying in partial gravity also by underwater immersion confirmed that energy expenditure and stride rates dropped while the forward lean exhibited by subjects increased dramatically with diminishing gravity levels (Wickman and Luna, 1996).
Two members of the expenditure review committee of cabinet, Mathias Cormann and Josh Frydenberg, confirmed during budget week that their wives had accessed two paid parental leave schemes.
