Public expenditure choices also need to consider the provision of food subsidies, an important mechanism for transferring income to poor households where the majority of the income is devoted to food expenditures.
"There are expenditures of necessity and expenditures of choice, and it has taken us a full decade to recognize that some of the choices were fundamentally wrong.
Some, like the Iraq war, were expenditures of choice.
Receptive females that spent more time visiting high-quality males displayed greater energy expenditure on mate choice and lost more body mass during the mate choice period.
Additionally, our estimations of energetic expenditure on mate choice are conservative: in calculating the energy spent on a mate choice event we included elevations in energetic expenditure during the encounter, and for up to three minutes following the cessation of locomotion.
That is, the agent i's budget set in space X is characterised by how the tax scheme affects the individual's level of medical expenditure after her choice of consumption.
Note that such a tangency means that it is impossible to raise the well-being of the individual who sticks to this bundle without increasing the total expenditure on her choice.
Additionally, the relationship between energetic expenditure on female choice and resulting physiological or fitness costs was not investigated in these species.
The relative energetic expenditure on female choice in marine iguanas is 1.5 times what was estimated in pronghorn antelope [17] and over 50 times the cost of traveling to leks in female sage grouse [16].
Females that spent more time on the territories of high-quality, high-activity males displayed greater energetic expenditure on mate choice, lost more mass, and showed a trend towards producing smaller follicles.
