The survey collects information separately for each member of the households in the sample and covers all of the following areas: socio-demographic characteristics, income, expenditure, assets, illness reporting, and health care seeking behaviour, including health expenditure [ 32].
We use the Household Survey (HHS), which is designed and conducted to obtain information on food purchasing patterns, demographic information, income, expenditure, assets, and neighborhood characteristics of participating families.
Every 5 years, the Federal Statistical Office questions a selection of German households (0.2% of all German households) about their income, expenditures, assets, consumer goods, and residential situation.
However, comparing target organizations understudy in terms of mean changes in pre and post scenarios in the target indicators, it is revealed thatAkhuwat foundation performed better in 4 indicators (i.e. Income, expenditures, assets and health) than other 2 while mixed results were observed from clients of Farz Foundation and NAYMATin other indicators.
The National Income Dynamics Study NIDSS) was South Africa's first national panel study to document the dynamic structure of households and changes in the incomes, expenditures, assets, access to services, education, health, and well-being of household members.
Rather, borrowing, whether from one institution or several, increases personal expenditure, household assets, the labour supply and children's education.
They disputed the pessimistic results reported from many randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and found, on the contrary, that microcredit increases personal expenditure, household assets, labour supply and schooling of children.
Similarly, the economic dimension includes two indicators consumption expenditure and assets.
FCF is free cash flow, defined as (operating cash flows − capital expenditure)/total assets.
Similar to earlier studies that found livelihood groups differ in terms of income generation, expenditure, and assets, this study investigates how these livelihood groups within dryland regions might also differ in how they experience shocks and the degree of their resilience (see Catley et al. 2012; McPeak et al. 2012).
A wealth index defined as a combination of the information on household income, expenditure and assets was used to define the households' economic status [ 21].
