The overall oblate shape of the Earth was established by French Academy expeditions between 1735 and 1743.
During the summer driving is possible on the extensive sandy plains in the uninhabited interior, permitting expeditions between the glaciers.
The Dutch navigator William Barents made three expeditions between 1594 and 1597 (when he died in Novaya Zemlya, modern Soviet Union).
Several expeditions between the 1960s and the mid-1990s failed to find this horse, and it was declared extinct in the wild.
Discovered through hundreds of scientific expeditions between 2010 to 2013, the total of 441 new species – all new to science – includes 258 plants, 84 fish, 58 amphibians, 22 reptiles, 18 birds and one mammal.
Alexander von Humboldt — the most famous naturalist of the early 19th century — chronicled his epic expeditions, between 1799 and 1804, in his "Personal Narrative of a Journey to the Equinoctial Regions of the New Continent".
In six expeditions between 1858 and 1862, the diminutive Scot John McDouall Stuart thrust northward through the central deserts and reached the coast east of Port Darwin, distinguishing himself as one of the great Australian explorers.
British interest in the region had first been aroused by the missionary-explorer David Livingstone, who crossed Zambia during three great expeditions between 1853 and his death, near Lake Bangweulu, in 1873.
The Englishmen Robert F. Scott and Ernest Henry Shackleton led three expeditions between 1901 and 1913, pioneering routes into the interior and making important geologic, glaciological, and meteorologic discoveries that provided a firm foundation for present-day scientific programs.
All the relics were salvaged from the debris field surrounding the ship by R.M.S. Titanic Inc., a court-appointed salvaging company that conducted seven expeditions between 1987 and 2004.
