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RSAP indirectly estimated by LRA is comparable to the expected value in each region.
Given two independent Markov processes with configuration spaces X and Y, a duality function is an observable valued on X x Y whose expected value in one process is equal to its expected value in the other.
A mathematically rigorous course in probability theory which uses measure theory but begins with the basic definitions of independence and expected value in that context.
That differential reduces the expected value in win probability of the pass play by just 1.3% or so, which is a rounding error given the uncertainty in all the other projections that go into a play call.
Plug in plausible numbers in the right places, using some fancy statistics and a dose of computing power, and you can estimate how big the effects might be.Almost all these exercises deal, in effect, with changes in a number's mean or expected value (in statisticians' language, the "first moment" of its probability distribution): what if the oil price doubles?
The isometric grip strength (mean and maximal) decreased by 6.2% and 3.6%, compared with the patients' healthy arms (P =.03,.16) and by 11.4% and 8.9% (P =.008,.02), respectively, compared with the expected value; in lateral epicondylitis, the grip strength decreased by 11.8% and 10.6% (P =.005,.01) and by 15% and 14% (P =.003,.007), respectively, when compared with the expected grip strength.
Similar(13)
Not only are these the averages, they are also the expected values in every period as ten-year expectations are extremely flat across the estimation sample.
Toward this goal, candidate ground motion models should be selected in an appropriate way to capture the expected values in the target region.
Even though the phase-field variable ϕ is conserved globally, a drop shrinks spontaneously while ϕ shifts from its expected values in the bulk phases.
Two detectors have been tested in a mixed neutron-gamma field with high neutron fluence and gamma absorbed dose rates, comparable with the expected values in the HFTM in IFMIF.
This article presents a systematic design framework that includes Taguchi loss functions and other robustness criteria within a single-level stochastic optimization formulation, with expected values in the presence of uncertainty being estimated by an efficient cubature technique.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com