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This value is within the expected sequence variation of mt sequences of different individuals.
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As expected, sequence differences in TR and number of echoes per shot caused relatively minor variations across the rapid high-resolution sequences used.
It has previously been shown that essential genes are more evolutionarily conserved than nonessential genes [ 17], and indeed determination of non-synonymous and synonymous substitution rates dN and dS for the 36 clinical P. aeruginosa strains confirmed this expected correlation of sequence variation and essentiality.
This is expected due to sequence variations from species to species or multiple isoforms in the same species.
As expected, we find levels of sequence variation some five times lower than observed for the mitochondrial genome (mtgenome).
The principal caveat of using fixed content arrays is that there is a diminishing return on investment for adding additional markers and a portion of the sequence variation is expected to be poorly interrogated.
The analysis of nuclear loci, however, might be hampered by the fact that nuclear sequence variation is expected to be relatively low in baboons as shown for parts of the Y-chromosome [ 84].
However, the latter two sources of sequence variation are not expected to produce a signature of positive selection.
Ward and Kellis [ 15] used variation data from the 1000 Genomes Project to demonstrate that a wide range of annotated elements, including non-coding regions, show evidence of purifying selection in the human lineage, and their results identify constrained regions where sequence variation might be expected to be deleterious.
We expect that follow-up investigations of sequence variation at other loci, and studies on morphology, behaviour, vocalization and distributions (e.g., ref. [47]) will rapidly advance understanding of the diversity and diversification of the Neotropical avifauna.
The latter tests compare the observed patterns of sequence variation with the patterns expected if mutation were purely random and no selection were occurring (a neutral model).
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