These requirements can only be realized with high-capacity fiber or point-to-point wireless links, making the deployment of the FH network very costly, reducing the gains expected from centralization.
Liver and kidney transplantation, with 23 and 40 delivering centers nationwide respectively, were already highly centralized before introducing minimum volume standards and no further centralization was expected [ 46].
Aggregating inventory decisions for n independent locations (or, more generally, demand streams) results in lower relative uncertainty and lower inventory costs, as demonstrated in G.D. Eppen, "Note: Effects of Centralization on Expected Costs in a Multi-Location Newsboy Problem," Management Science 25, no. 5 (May 1979): 498-501.
In contrast, pancreatic and esophageal interventions had the highest percentage of hospitals not complying with minimum volume standards in 2006 with 36 and 43 % respectively, and a centralization was expected [ 46, 51, 52].
We expect that since centralization, more patients who had tumor invasion in the venal portal wall had more extensive resections, including resection of the vessel wall.
Centralization and more aggressive surgery may have counteracted an expected decrease in survival.
Mr. Kasyanov, a former Kremlin insider who has become a critic of the centralization of power and official corruption under President Vladimir V. Putin, had not been expected to campaign on an even footing against Dmitri A. Medvedev, the Kremlin's candidate.
In a substance with linear elastic behavior, centralization of bigger stress occurs on borehole wall, so borehole fracture is expected to start from this area.
The goal is to provide managers what are expected operational impacts (measured by the operational indicators) by assessing the behavior of network and centralization indicators and their known resilience behaviors from the literature.
It is expected that including benign diagnosis could have had an additional effect on the effect of centralization.
