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Within parity and expected calving date, cows were assigned randomly to 1 of 4 treatments with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement.
Six multiparous and 6 primiparous Holstein cows equipped with ruminal cannula were assigned to 6 blocks of 2 cows each according to parity, projected milk production at 305 d, and expected calving date.
On a commercial dairy, 306 Holstein cows were blocked by parity and expected calving date and were used in a randomized complete block design to determine the effect of treatment on claw integrity, lactation, and reproduction.
Thirty-six multiparous cows, blocked by lactation number, previous 305 day mature equivalent milk production and expected calving date, were arranged into four groups in a randomized block design.
Twenty-eight multiparous Holstein dairy cows, blocked by lactation number, previous 305-d mature equivalent milk production, and expected calving date, were arranged into four groups in a randomized block design.
For this study, 21 multiparous and 9 primiparous Holstein cows blocked by parity and expected calving date were used in a randomized block design to evaluate the effects of feeding glycerol from 14 d prepartum to 21 d in milk (DIM).
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Dietary treatments were initiated approximately 28 d prior to expected calving dates and continued through d 49 postpartum.
Blood samples were collected once between d −14 to −7 and again between d −7 to −1 before expected calving dates, and a final blood sample was collected on d 7 ± 1 following treatment.
Cows on the monensin treatment received 2 monensin controlled-release capsules (335 mg/d for 90 d), one 30 d before the expecting calving date and the other 60 d after calving.
Information on group (vaccinated or control), expected calving day, day of actual calving and milk SCC at the first 4 monthly milk recordings after calving was registered for each cow.
Treatments began at dry-off, × before expected calving.
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