"We were finding thick multi-year sea ice floes which on level ice were five metres thick... it was much, much thicker and much, much heavier than anything you would expect at that latitude and at that time of year".
Temperatures in Wales remain higher than would otherwise be expected at its latitude because of the North Atlantic Drift, a branch of the Gulf Stream.
Geographers estimate it keeps Britain 5°C warmer than expected at such latitudes.
During these storms, a local GIC effect of dB/dt = 4.0 × 102 nT/min is expected at low latitudes.
Now, by removing that forcing altogether, we are arriving at a simulated cloud that is more in line with what should be expected at high latitudes.
As a consequence, a larger shift in the mean genetic value should be expected at extreme latitudes in our grid settings.
In contrast to the model of Pleistocene biogeography, where higher levels of genetic diversity are expected at lower latitudes, in N. magellanica we did not detect a clear relationship between latitude and genetic diversity.
If different populations are exposed to limited doses of the exposures (e.g. as might be expected at different latitudes for temperature and ultra-violet radiation-related exposures), then the resulting time series may also reflect the 'local' properties of the non-linear curve (i.e. the population maps on to a limited section of the J-shaped curve).
Despite the overall lack of seasonal variation in 25(OH D concentrations, all 10 individuals who were categorized as having deficient 25(OH D concentrations (<50 nmol/mL) had their blood drawn between November and March, the point in the year in which the lowest 25(OH D concentrations would be expected at higher latitudes.
The magnetism was about 25° shallower than expected at Vancouver Island's current latitude, Kirschvink, Ward, and their colleagues report, implying that 70 million to 80 million years ago, when the rock formed, the terrane was 3500 kilometers to the south off Baja California.
