These results confirmed the immunofluorescence observations of a disassembled and phenotypically abnormal Golgi, demonstrating that expression of p22 led to rearrangements and alterations to various components of the secretory pathway, as would be expected during antagonism of this pathway.
Interestingly, asylum seekers expected some antagonism from local service users about their arrival, but they were surprised that they did not experience negativity.
31 We therefore expected that antagonism of TNF-α would ameliorate vascular inflammation, and lead to an improvement in vasomotor function commensurate with a fall in plasma t-PA concentrations.
These flies have small and veinless wings (n = 102), as expected due to antagonism of Dpp signaling (Figure 2B).
Antagonism is expected to prevent novel strains from invading colonies, enforcing single-strain rearing within individual ant colonies.
The data are presented as contour plots, in which regions where inhibition is greater (synergy) or less (antagonism) than expected are identified by subtracting the theoretical additive inhibition from the observed inhibition.
Synergism is defined as a more than expected additive effect, and antagonism is defined as a less than expected additive effect.
CI < 1: more than additivity (synergy) CI = 1: additivity CI > 1: less than additivity (antagonism) As expected, synergism, corresponding to CI < 1, always yielded a favourable dose reduction index (DRI > 1) for both drugs.
We expect that sexual antagonism is acting in birds and lepidopterans; and at least for chickens, MSCI has been confirmed (Schoenmakers et al. 2009).
In agreement with this view, in RA a clear effect of TNF-α antagonism can be expected within a week [ 20].
