Sentence examples for expectations were tested from inspiring English sources

Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg expectations were tested according to Guo and Thompson [29] and estimates of the inbreeding coefficient FIS [30] were estimated using FSTAT v. 2.9.3 [31].

Finally, departures of nucleotide variability patterns from neutral expectations were tested using simulated data together with full-sequence information for both major haplotype families (i.e., H1 and H2).

These expectations were tested under all three available mutation models: the infinite alleles model (IAM), the stepwise mutation model (SMM) and the two-phased model (TPM) of mutation, the latter of which is thought to best fit microsatellite data [ 62] and recent bottleneck events [ 64].

Deviation from neutral equilibrium expectations was tested by applying Tajima's D (Tajima 1989), Fu and Li's D* and F* (Fu and Li 1993) tests.

Internal validity (i.e., the extent to which results are consistent with a priori expectations) was tested by examining the sign and significance of parameter estimates.

Deviations of genotypic frequencies from the Hardy-Weinberg expectation were tested using the Markov chain method (parameter values: dememorisation number = 10,000, number of batches = 300, number of iterations per batch = 5,000) in the GENEPOP program [ 50].

bObserved segregation to Mendelian expectation was tested using a Chisquare value by single testing (randomly selected single marker).

cObserved segregation to Mendelian expectation was tested using a Chisquare value by multiple testing (sequential Bonferroni correction of P-value) across loci separately within each cross.

Given that the same hypothesis (i.e., significant departure from the null neutral expectation) is tested multiple times on each ORF, we applied Bonferroni's sequential method to maintain an overall 5% significance level [22].

Deviation from this expectation is tested using a goodness-of-fit test (29, 30), in which SNPs that exhibit evidence of pleiotropy due to an inflated SNP cancer to SNP TL ratio can be detected and excluded from Mendelian randomization analyses (see Materials and Methods).

Step 4 The presence of clinically relevant statistical interactions between neck pain intensity and recovery expectations or depression were tested [ 9, 17].