For men we also find that the convergence in life expectancy is due primarily to narrowing differences in cause-specific mean age at death.
Women would have given birth at an early age, and their lower life expectancy was likely due to death in connection with pregnancy or childbirth.
The excess in gains of Yokkaichi patients reached approximately half of the difference in life expectancy between Yokkaichi patients and Mie Prefecture (Table 2 and Fig 3), suggesting that decrease in life expectancy was greatly due to respiratory mortality.
Health expectancies, of which HLY is one, were developed to assess whether increases in life expectancy (LE) are due to improvements in medical technology, which keep the old and frail alive (resulting in an expansion of morbidity), or because the onset and progression of disabling diseases are being postponed (compression of morbidity).
Yes, I know that life expectancy could be due to other things and is flawed.
For instance, the negative correlation (r = -0.773, P < 0.01, in Table 5) between health expenditure and life expectancy could be due to an increase in total healthcare spending in provinces/territories with a long history of lower health levels.
Whether the positive genetic diversity-lifetime expectancy correlation is due to heterosis, where heterozygous genotypes are superior to any of the homozygous genotypes, or due to partial dominance, where decreased allelic diversity leads to the expression of recessive or partially recessive deleterious alleles, cannot be determined with the present results but certainly deserves further research.
But the remaining 1.6 million was due to longer life expectancy and an increase in fertility among women born in Britain.
The absence of an enduring overall effect on alcohol expectancies may be due to several reasons, such as individual changes in beliefs about alcohol use as a socially acceptable behavior or the ability of an intervention to maintain its effectiveness one year after implementation.
"In higher-income countries, increasing life expectancy is mainly due to declining mortality among those who are older".
