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Performance expectancy items were derived from the system's aims, which were based on the experienced gaps in communication we previously identified in cerebral palsy care settings [ 7].
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Alcohol expectancies included 18 items covering positive (e.g., laugh more, become more talkative) and negative dimensions (e.g., become aggressive, lose control) when alcohol is consumed.
The inventory, founded on a three-facet measurement domain definition of failure outcome expectancies, consisted of items nested within combinations of two facets; self-related cognitions and evaluative concerns.
42 Response expectancies were measured using the 3-item expectancy subscale of the Credibility Expectancy Questionnaire (41).
To assess risk perceptions and outcome expectancies, we use items based on recommendations by Brewer and colleagues [ 46].
Less important but still statistically significant were the items "Life expectancy", "Flexibility of dosing" and "Long term side effects improbable".
The C-scale measures the way in which the participants view the logic of the treatment (credibility) and the improvements that can be achieved (expectancy) and includes five items on a 10-point scale.
According to expectancy-value theory, a major determinant of the expectancy component at the item level is the test-taker's estimate of item difficulty (Eccles (Parsons) et al. 1983).
Condom use outcome expectancies, an 8-item scale, assessed participants' expectations of their main partner reactions to requests for condom use e.g., one's partner would be mad, etc).; a higher score indicated a favorable anticipated response to condom use (Cronbach's α = 0.84).
The responses are distributed by a 15-item scale for the outcome expectancy scales and a 16-item scale for the self-efficacy expectancy scales.
The expectancy of solving an item successfully and the personal value of taking the test are considered antecedents of test-taking engagement.
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