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Life expectancy improvements varied from region to region.
The resulting interruptions in life expectancy improvements in many African countries are unprecedented in human history.
Hence, health and life expectancy improvements have typically been greater in the more developed eastern and northern areas of China.
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The contributions by infectious diseases and parasites to life expectancy improvement were slightly higher among the younger age groups between 1976 and 1990 94.
It is visible that in all periods, except for the recent one, the younger age group (0 15) is the most important contributor to life expectancy improvement.
Scotland sits in between the east European countries and the rest of western Europe, with eastern Europe displaying the familiar flattening in life expectancy improvement from the 1970s and dip in the early 1990s.
But that low-hanging fruit is exhausted, Cowen continues, and since 1974, the United States has experienced slower growth, slower increases in median income, slower job creation, slower productivity gains, slower life-expectancy improvements and slower rates of technological change.
Correspondingly, reductions in population exposure to air pollution expressed as annual average PM2.5 or PM10 have appreciable benefits in terms of increased life expectancy and improvements to respiratory health.
The first strategy is to continue the use of mortality data to assess health trends, as most researchers have been doing (12, 13, 23– 29, 33, 34), assuming that rises in life expectancy signify improvements in health.
While the former group of studies focus on simple clinical outcomes such as mortality or averted cases of HIV, the latter attempt to capture effect changes both in terms of life expectancy and improvements in health states.
Our analysis assumes that IORT and EBRT are expected to be equivalent in terms of life expectancy; an improvement in expected mortality for either treatment will shift the results to favor that strategy.
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