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Students from the comparison group had significantly higher alcohol expectancy at baseline (t = 2.20, p = .03).03
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The comparison group had higher alcohol expectancies at baseline and after four months, when compared to the intervention group.
Expectancy was measured at baseline to demonstrate equivalence across conditions.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging scans obtained during an emotion face matching task (EFMT) and an affective stimulus expectancy task (STIMEX) were performed at baseline, one hour after initial drug administration and 28 days later.
Participants in the intervention group also received text messages throughout the day that were tailored to their reported drinking behavior as well as to self-efficacy and outcome expectancies as determined by self-report at baseline.
However, one study [ 26] used an adequate active comparison group and treatment expectancy was comparably high in intervention and control group at baseline and post-treatment.
At baseline participants will complete two treatment expectancy questions (adapted from Ref. 37 (1) At this point, how logical does the program offered to you seem? (0='Not at all logical' 4= 'Very logical') and (2) At this point, how useful do you think this treatment will be in reducing your depression symptoms?
At baseline, patients with a very short life expectancy (including patients with active cancer) or insufficient cognitive abilities were excluded from this study.
The impacts of first-in-model events on patients with a history of MI or stroke at baseline reflected patients' premodel reductions in life expectancy, utilities, and higher health sector costs [ 142- 144].
Expectancy will be measured using the ESPAD Question 21 [ 5] at baseline and 12 months after randomisation.
In order to assess the possible benefits of the programme, we measured self-efficacy expectancies, perceived control, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and quality of life at baseline and six weeks follow-up.
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