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Since most, if not all, microevolutionary events like range expansions, local migrations, and bottlenecks leave signals on within- and between-population variability, neutral markers are optimal for inferring processes whose reconstruction must reflect historical patterns rather than adaptation to local environments that can potentially confuse the historical signal.
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The overall financial stability of the group has allowed the Guardian to make vital investments in our digital products, our global expansion, local editorial teams, native advertising, data and programmatic capabilities.
It is usually tiny, but big enough to live on.In recent years, however, millions of farmers have lost all their land to relentless urban expansion (local governments have profited massively from selling appropriated rural land to developers).
During lobuloalveolar expansion, local growth factors released from the surrounding fat pad induce quiescent epithelia to undergo proliferation, resulting in alveolar budding, lobuloalveolar development and milk production.
With training set expansion, local modeling outperformed all the other approaches in all nine datasets.
The inadvertent spread of house mice by Europeans in the North Atlantic region has left a living artefact of human colonization, expansion, local extinction and recolonization which can be traced using both phylogeography and population genetics.
This model included global expansion but no expansion within local populations.
The constant implicit in the O(N) notation, however, is dominated by the expense of translating far-field spherical harmonic expansions to local ones.
These expansions disrupt local chromatin structure and alter the expression of adjacent genes, an effect that has been extensively studied in myotonic dystrophy patients (Gatchel and Zoghbi 2005; Mirkin 2007).
For example, with the inclusion of expansion within demes as well as global expansion, the power to detect expansion with local samples increases and negative Tajima's D is expected at lower levels of migration (4Nm < 5; Figure 6A).
It was all too apparent that those most affected by expansion - local communities and the developing world - are being left out of discussions.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com