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This E373Q mutant subsequently combines with additional endogenous RNAs, particularly the dsRNA expansion segments of the ribosomal large subunit, such as 28S rRNA.
The sequence shows nucleotide insertions in most variable regions of the 18S rRNA (V2, V4, V5 and V7), with especially large expansion segments in V4 and V7.
Whereas expansion segments were generally found to be absent in the malacasporeans and the clade of primary marine myxozoan species, they occur in all taxa of the clade containing freshwater species, where they showed a consistent secondary structure throughout.
The longest expansion segments occur in S. truttae, Sphaerospora elegans and Leptotheca ranae, which represent a clade that has emerged after the malacosporeans and before the radiation of all other myxozoan genera.
Although ribosomal genes are generally considered to be highly conserved, Sonnenberg et al. [22] have shown that the D1 and D2 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA hold fast evolving and variable regions which can be used for identification in a wide variety of species across a broad range of various Metazoan taxa and can resolve even very closely related species.
The very high proportion of differing reads found at two positions in the 26S region may be caused by their location within expansion segments of this region, expansion segments 9 and 8, respectively [ 105].
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The MD is covered by the first helix of expansion segment 7 (ES7a) RNA.
Distinct rRNA elements and proteins of the large ribosomal subunit form four connections with the PCC across a gap of about 10 20 Å. Binding of the PCC influences the position of the highly dynamic rRNA expansion segment 27.
Final alignment of the expansion segment V sequences was performed manually so microsatellites could be compared.
The rm1 and rm2 motifs are located in the eukaryote-specific expansion segment ES6 of 18S rRNA.
To maximize species sampling of the Hexatylina, we chose the D3 expansion segment as the molecular marker.
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