Silicon and poly(dimethylsiloxane) substrates have typically been used, but long processing times and exogenous protein surface coating, required to enhance cell viability, limit their use as large-scale platforms.
However, forced expression of exogenous cell surface GRP78 enhanced the invasive potential of cancer cells.
These data suggested that exogenous cell surface GRP78 promotes the adhesion and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells, suggesting that both exogenous and endogenous cell surface GRP78 promotes the invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
However, the ΔKDEL transfectants exhibited decreased E-Cadherin protein level and increased N-Cadherin protein level, indicating that the exogenous cell surface GRP78 promoted EMT).
To further investigate the effect of exogenous cell surface GRP78 on the invasive potential of hepatocellular carcinoma cells, we constructed GRP78 KDEL motif deleted mutant (ΔKDEL) and transfected SMMC7721 cells with the ΔKDEL mutant and the cells stably overexpressing GRP78 on the cell surface were selected by G418 (400 μg/mL).
Exogenous water includes surface water such as lakes, rivers, and seawater, meteoric aquifers such as those found in basin fill conglomerates, geothermal fluids found in mature volcano-hosted hydrothermal systems, and acidic brines found in immature magmatic hydrothermal systems.
This is consistent with the recent finding that exogenous BMP4 promotes surface ectoderm differentiation when added to explants from the E7.0 mouse epiblast (Li et al., 2013).
Through specific anti-inflammatory effects, or as a result of its combined actions at the endothelial cell luminal surface, exogenous APC decreases organ dysfunction and improves survival in patients with severe sepsis [ 6].
Adenovirus particles can be engineered to display exogenous peptides on their surfaces by modification of viral capsid proteins, and particles that display pathogen-derived peptides can induce protective immunity.
In order to assess how entry of surface-derived Kb molecules into endocytic compartments coincides with exogenous antigen loading, Kb surface-labeled DCs were pulsed with soluble OVA protein for 6 hours to allow simultaneous Kb-FITC internalization and OVA uptake and antigen processing.
