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However, instead of valuing exogenous qualities, users (developers) value the number of developers (users) they can meet in the platform ((n_{-j})).
In contrast, under exogenous qualities we have shown that the mixed duopoly is socially better than privatisation if advertising is neutral.
2) In our model with exogenous qualities, the case for an "advertising-free" publicly owned platform is associated to socially harmful advertising, whereas in the model of endogenous qualities, González-Maestre and Martínez-Sánchez (2012) obtain cases where an "advertising-free" publicly owned platform is optimal even if advertising is socially beneficial.
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Lastly, we assume each company sells a product that has an exogenous quality level (q_{j}), and they fix a price (p_{j}).
In all models, (exogenous) quality and (endogenous) competition were significant.
For simplicity, assume that quality is influenced by elective market structure and by an exogenous quality component u: A1 There are possibly many potential measures of hospital quality q based on different procedures j.
In order to motivate the international movement of labor, countries are given differential training endowments, which are endogenously determined by the existence of the exogenous national quality of institutions and ECCE.
Exogenous national institutional quality is complementary to agents' training acquisitions because more developed national institutions are associated with lower monitoring costs, which attracts workers willing to provide relatively high productive efforts, which is more important in producing the complex good.
However we do not have any exogenous measure of quality of the outreach service and STI treatment.
Our main conclusion is that reliable estimates of partial effects (based on educationproduction function parameters holding student effort constant) of school quality onacademic outcomes require - in addition to exogenous variation in school quality -information on academic effort and/or time use.
We have assumed that investments into port infrastructure are exogenous, which improve the quality of port infrastructure (QPI).
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