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The present results suggest that exogenous orienting of attention could be dysfunctional in ADHD under certain conditions.
Exogenous orienting of attention typically produces an early facilitatory effect and a later inhibitory effect, i.e., inhibition of return (IOR).
Research in attention indicates different kinds of attentional control, such as endogenous and exogenous orienting, which are critical to how awareness of patient state is maintained, but which may work differently across different modalities.
Our results support previous claims of dissociations between some forms of spatial attention and conscious perception, but also highlight the importance of exogenous orienting on the selection of information for conscious access.
There are two types of orienting: 1) exogenous orienting, when the flash of a cue automatically captures attention to a specific location, and 2) endogenous orienting, when a central arrow points to one of two lateralized target presentation locations (Raz and Buhle 2006).
In spatial attention, exogenous orienting is an involuntary focusing of attention driven by an inherently salient or transient cue (also referred to as stimulus driven, automatic, bottom-up).
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Here, we report two experiments designed to investigate within- and between-hemifield spatial cuing effects in the case of audiovisual exogenous covert orienting.
Exogenous temporal orienting is proposed to be generated automatically by exposure to stimuli with rhythmic or predictable temporal structure [9], [15], [16].
Posner and Cohen (1984) were the first to investigate exogenous attentional orienting.
The inhibitory effect due to exogenous spatial orienting was named inhibition of return (IOR).
The present study was designed to investigate the effect of reward-induced motivation on true exogenous attention orienting and IOR.
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