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Descartes then concludes that the proposition that he himself exists is true whenever he considers it.
In that case, the sub-proposition Ronald McDonald exists is true and so its negation false.
It is a real (and not merely a logical or grammatical) predicate because 'x exists' is true for Mulla Sadra if and only if 'x' refers.
I might know that 'God exists' is true, but not know of sentence A, which says 'God exists', that it is true, if I don't know what sentence A says.
This understanding of truth and beliefs which is similar to the correspondence theory of truth in which the statement "God exists" is true if and only if God exists—seemed to Wittgenstein to be misguided.
To test whether your sentence 'Language exists' is true at this scenario considered as actual, you ask whether there is any incoherence in combining the claim 'The only object that exists is a lump of salt' with the claim 'It's not the case that language exists'.
Similar(52)
And since it is true that Pegasus does not belong to the class of existent objects, "Pegasus does not exist" is true.
If "Pegasus does not exist" is true, then it must be meaningful (by (1) above).
Thus, the assumption that "Pegasus does not exist" is true leads to the conclusion that this same sentence is false.
The formal analog of the sentence 'I exist' is true with respect to \(c\) and the time and world of \(c\) in \(M\), and so is true at \(c\) in \(M\).
So if the above premises are correct, it is impossible that "Pegasus does not exist" is true: Either "Pegasus" denotes something, in which case "Pegasus does not exist" is false; or "Pegasus" does not denote anything, in which case "Pegasus does not exist" is not even meaningful, let alone true.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com