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The ICASST scheme consists of two stages: Stage I is designed for the situation where there exists idle channel; Stage II is designed for the scenario where no channel is sensed idle but SU still has data to transmit.
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When we assume the circuit PC in idle mode P ci = 0, i.e., there exists an idle duration but its PC can be ignored, the EE does not change with SE in the "circuit power dominant" region.
Stage II is started when current channel is reclaimed by PU but there exists no idle channel to switch to.
In addition, since no idle cycle exists in k-TAS, ETIP, and BS, the number of corresponding transmitted bits from idle cycle is zero in these three protocols, and the efficiency on communication overhead is guaranteed.
With 420 people on the payroll and ads everywhere for a site that did not exist, Boo.com sat idle.
With non-zero circuit powers in all the transmit, receive and idle modes, there exists a non-zero optimal spectral efficiency that maximizes the maximal energy efficiency.
Because the CMCS tries to generate fewer clusters, cluster formation is defined as a maximum vertex biclique problem [38] to include more nodes inside each cluster, while ensuring that there exists a sufficient number of idle channels for intra-cluster communication.
This is much better than the patchwork that exists in the United States .That is no idle boast.
To the Editor: As carbon emissions increase, elected officials of the planet's second-largest polluter (after China) sit idle and bicker as to whether climate change even exists?
As mentioned before, and are the priori probabilities of whether the primary user exists or not, and are the observation probabilities of under busy and idle states.
Note that no idle cycles exist in a tag identification process of k-TAS.
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