Much of the vitality of science is found in computer science and geophysics and behavioral genetics, disciplines that did not exist at the start of the last century.
On one end of the spectrum are baby boomers, nearing retirement and mindful of the flexible schedules that did not exist at the start of their careers.
It didn't even exist at the start of the 20th century, so the historian's task is not exactly Biblical in complexity.
The aim, he says, has been to break down the national suspicions that existed at the start and to rebuild a "new identity".
"Now I have one and a half .The British investment banks causing so much consternation in the mid-2000s barexistedsted at the start of that decade.
The vote also reflected the diminished international status of Mr. Obama, who no longer enjoys the benefit of the doubt on foreign policy that existed at the start of his first term, Mr. Chalmers said.
When all the shouting was done, the American people on Tuesday more or less ratified the status quo that existed at the start of the day: they returned President Obama to the White House for another four years, reaffirmed Republican control of the House and kept the Senate in Democratic hands.
Investors may be starting to realise that, even if the biggest falls in output have passed, the outlook for 2010 is still likely to be sluggish.After all, the problems that existed at the start of this crisis have not gone away.
With the runaway leaders, Durham, heading for a draw against Somerset at Chester-le-Street – the third day at the Riverside was washed out and further downpours are forecast for the north-east today – Notts would close the 29-point gap that existed at the start of this round of matches with victory here.
"NIH shall continue these programs based on the same policies that existed at the start of fiscal year 2013," it declares.
Interestingly this difference already existed at the start of treatment when group 3 was compared to the two others (p = 0.0159).
