Items for the SCAP-HQ were drawn from existing measures, such as the Lehman Quality of Life Interview [ 18], the Arkansas Schizophrenia Outcomes Module [ 19, 20], the Medical Outcome Study Short Form-12 (SF-12) [ 21], and the CAGE, a screening tool for assessment of alcohol-related problems [ 22].
Another team of researchers [ 33] recently undertook a systematic literature review to identify existing measures of the same factors from the framework, and where none existed, to devise their own.
5 This work can draw from existing measures such as the Care Transitions Measure used to measure satisfaction with discharge from hospital to home. 1 5 56 Engaging key stakeholders in quality measure development is paramount.
But he stressed that financial sector should hold out little hope of new help from the Bank, once existing measures such as the Special Liquidity Scheme, put in place during the financial crisis, expire next year.
Given the similarity of the findings from this study and existing measures, the question as to whether a new measure is required or whether an existing measure could be revised or expanded needs to be carefully considered.
For studies conducted in developing countries, authors either adapted existing measures, or used the conceptual framework from developed countries to create their measures, however, very few discussed the process of translation or the method of cultural adaptation.
It also shows advances made in reducing these inequalities at the national and regional level between 2001 and 2006, and allows us to draw lessons from the existing measures or programmes that are the most beneficial to the poorest.
Garnefski and colleagues have considered coping strategies from existing measures, either by removing and reformulating the cognitive dimensions, by adapting non-cognitive coping strategies into cognitive dimensions or by adding new strategies on "rational" grounds, for which they used classic instruments such as Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) [ 30].
This is conceptually different from existing measures of cognitive engagement, which are typically administrated at the end of the course or a semester and require students to make summative judgments of how engaged they generally were during a particular course spanning several weeks.
Name of validated measure (items amended or partially sourced from existing measures indicated by citation only) For period from recruitment or birth until 24 months (mother and child); Primary outcome domain.
