For example, psychological distress might interfere with medication adherence for an existing disorder such as hypertension, but also increase the likelihood of adopting unhealthy behaviors such as smoking, excessive alcohol use, or overeating that can further impair physical health.
ADHD is often misdiagnosed in these individuals, and the presence of co-existing disorders, such as depression or anxiety, may contribute further to this problem [ 5, 13].
Children with ADHD frequently have a number of co-existing disorders, such as conduct disorder, anxiety, depression, oppositional defiant disorder and obsessive disorder [ 12].
The reference interval for plasma YKL-40 was determined in 144 healthy women (median age 51 years, range 18 79 years) characterized by not being on medication and having no signs of pre-existing disorders such as joint, liver, metabolic or endocrine disease or malignancy.
However, much of the evidence for adverse effects of sucrose comes from studies on animals fed excessive amounts of sugars, or else relates to human subjects with existing metabolic disorders such as type 1 or type 2 diabetes, or hyperlipidemia.
PTSD can be more easily triggered in persons who had pre-existing psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety disorders and depression.
3l Some patients viewed other health problems as a barrier to using certain therapies, for example co-existing skin disorders such as eczema, psoriasis, and skin allergies were mentioned as contra-indicating use of creams and heat pads.
Studies were excluded if participants had co-existing conditions, including major mental disorders such as schizophrenia.
Existing research suggests that individuals experiencing more complex mental disorders, such as psychotic disorders, require a higher level of service compared to individuals with less severe mental disorders [ 15, 17].
In children and adolescents, researchers emphasized the existence of executive dysfunction in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autistic spectrum disorder, attention deficit disorder, and eating disorders.
