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The population-based approach in coordination with an extensive data collection strategy allows, for the first time, the establishment of institution-specific reference values for already existent and newly developed quality indicators which are crucial for evaluating the effectiveness of quality management tools.
Decentralized drinking-water systems are an important element in the process of reaching the Millennium Development Goals, as centralized systems are often deficient or non-existent in developing and transition countries (DC and TC).
Additionally, most methods are either costly, labor intensive or rely on infrastructures which are non-existent in developing countries.
Consequently, most of the reported mycotoxin - poisoning incidences occurred in the sub-Saharan Africa (Bankole et al. 2006) where facilities for monitoring contamination were non-existent in developing (Kumar and Popat 2010).
Over the past six years, a handful of London producers tinkering with a primitive incarnation of the genre with a non-existent fanbase, has developed into something of a minor national treasure.
A paucity of randomized controlled trials for most conditions means that best-practice care guidelines are often non-existent or poorly developed.
Globally, urban slums are characterised by dense populations with poor access to sanitation and clean water due to non-existent or poorly developed basic infrastructure.
Other instruments to specifically measure CFS knowledge (i.e., success in mastering the core curriculum) were non-existent and thus developed through the continuing education accreditation process.
The policies that are meant to support and guide research practice, so that children are protected, are in the most part non-existent or poorly developed.
This lack of visibility and the absence of ownership of the problem has meant that prevention programmes are either non-existent or poorly developed and uncoordinated within most transition countries.
Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems (HDSSs), especially those within the INDEPTH Network, are operating in places where routine vital registration systems are non-existent or poorly developed; constituting an alternative source that can produce timely and reliable vital-registration-like data at the district level (3, 11– 11).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com