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Conjugation allows the inheritance of large portions of genes and may be responsible for the existence of bacteria with traits of several different species.
New research by Schopf et al. [68] has now confirmed the existence of bacteria and microbes in the 3.465 billion year old, Western Australian Apex Group chert.
It is easy to remember that before microscopes were developed, many people had difficulty believing in the existence of bacteria.
The existence of bacteria which survive in the VBNC state is well established and documented [ 36– 40].
Chronic infections are often characterized by the formation of biofilms (11, 12) or the existence of bacteria in structures, such as granulomas.
These findings allow us to speculate that BT-induced alterations in the mesenteric microcirculation are possibly due to the gut-associated lymphoid system activation by the BT process with the release of proinflammatory factor(s) and not due to the existence of bacteria in the lymph.
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There is evidence that the co-existence of bacteria and microalgae might be of mutual advantage mainly in terms of nutrient recycling [10], [20].
Nevertheless, SL itself contains bacteria (Goldman et al. 1982), and the existence of residual bacteria in root canal system is always the primary concern in endodontic treatment.
To understand the selective forces responsible for phase shifting in these bacteria, which are not invariably pathogenic, it is important to consider its relevance to the commensal existence of these bacteria at an epidemiological level, as a mechanism to facilitate colonisation of genetically and immunologically diverse hosts.
Geologic and geochemical evidence supported the view that some of the rocks were sedimentary in origin and therefore indicative of the presence of water necessary for the existence of early bacteria.
Between 1672 and 1677 the Dutch scientist discovered, thanks to his observations with the microscope, the existence of Protista, bacteria, and spermatozoa, and so he opened the way to microbiology.
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