Sentence examples for existence of a cost from inspiring English sources

None of these earlier studies, however, considered the existence of a cost of hormetic priming as we have done in this experiment.

The fitness responses under androdioecy show that compromised adaptive rates in the gradual trioecious populations, which until generation 35 remained effectively dioecious, cannot be explained by the loss of males and, therefore, by the existence of a cost of males.

Experimental transitions to selfing were due to reproductive assurance, notwithstanding selection of standing genetic diversity, the existence of a cost of males, and the potential for density dependent selection among selfing or outcrossing demes (as we did not model it).

While it is often assumed that harsh conditions actually reveal the existence of a cost [e.g. [ 12]], the evolutionary significance of such costs in natural conditions may be debateable [ 13, 33, 41, 42, 45].

The lack of a cost of meiosis in Caenorhabditis, since hermaphrodites do not outcross each other, and the existence of a cost of males in outcrossing lineages would then make certain that the first selfing colonizers would outcompete outcrossers reaching the same habitat at a later time, see for example [ 22] for an empirical example.

We derive a condition for the existence of a cost-optimal homeostatic state.

Securing adequate funding presumes the existence of a costed health sector strategic plan, estimates of available funding and any funding gap, and a resource mobilization strategy for bridging that gap.

A suffcient condition for the existence of a guaranteed cost controller for NCSs is presented by a set of linear matrix inequalities LMIs).

As acknowledged by Fry (1990) [ 24], to support the existence of an adaptation cost, the performance of reverted lines on the novel host must be assayed at the time of reversion, and this value should then be compared to that obtained after some generations of reversal, under the same environmental conditions.

The unique process cost dynamic of frameshifting errors, namely the existence of a post-error cost (npost), allows us to test for frameshifting involvement as follows: Consider an mRNA with very high GC content.

Although the literature acknowledges the existence of a social acceptability cost, it does not propose an explicit approach to dealing with this issue.