However, there generally exist defects on the tube wall, such as bending in the nanotube, the finite size of crystalline domains, sp3-hybridized bonds, or functional groups created by oxidation [17, 18].
But most of the iodine-containing compounds existed various defects, such as difficult to synthesize, non-targeting, and rapid metabolism.
When manufacturing fusion welds, the potential exists for defects to be introduced.
The occurrence of impulse response in gearbox vibration signals usually means that there exist mechanical defects or faults.
The relative intensity (I D/I G ≈ 1.397 > 1) indicates that there exist mass defects caused by the N-doping in NC@SnO2 [29, 30, 31].
According to the Raman results in Fig. 1b, there exist some defects (e.g., oxygen vacancies) at the Nd:STO surface.
Therefore, it can be deduced that there exist more defects on the surface of the 5 % Ta-doped ZnO nanocrystals by a modified PC method.
Besides, before the PDMS layer was peeled off, if there exist some defects in the conductive patterns, it can be easily repaired.
On the surface of CNTs, it generally exists the defects such as pentagons and heptagons which can introduce a quantity of oxygen-containing functional groups like carboxyl (-COOH) and hydroxyl (-OH) in IPA solution [20].
It is of course possible that there exist other defects near the CBM, which we are not able to detect.
