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Exact(17)
A major limitation of the alignment approach is the lack of corresponding regions that do not exist in the reference genome(s), referred to as dark matter, which may result from gaps in the reference or the presence of structural variants in the genome(s) being analyzed [45], [46].
Besides this, some of the regions existing in the source genome may not even exist in the reference genome.
The luma and chroma samples at sub-pixel positions do not exist in the reference picture and so it is necessary to create them using interpolation from nearby image samples.
Numerous interaction pairs with shared pattern may exist in the reference dataset, and certain functions annotated to those pairs may be more likely to be associated with the target protein pair than other functions.
This comparison revealed sequence insertions that did not exist in the reference but were confirmed by PCR.
It is claimed that most of the predicted motifs exist in the reference databases, and therefore the predictions are valid.
Similar(43)
First we examine whether the close (relative to the anchor position) fragment of the unmapped read uniquely exists in the reference or not.
Examining the gene annotations of these large deletions, most involved the loss of a TE that existed in the reference wRi genome.
As expected, in all scenarios discrepancies to the reference model were rather small at strongly impaired diffusivity (10,000-fold) (Fig. 6B, D, F), as for this condition high spatial anisotropies already existed in the reference scenario (Fig. 4A).
Many of these piRNAs might be produced from TE insertions in the DGRP strains that do not appear in the Oregon R genome or are not expressed in the Oregon R strain, but whose sequence exists in the reference genome.
Since many assemblers split contigs at ambiguous or repetitive regions [ 55], alternative splicing will likely result in a low ortholog hit ratio for the alternative version, even if the alternative ortholog exists in the reference dataset.
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