This muscle, responsible for providing stability at the subtalar joint during activity, exhibits reduced efficiency in the pronated foot [ 18].
Changes in the promoter region and alternative promoter usage during the process of transcription and post-transcriptional regulation may lead to transcripts exhibiting reduced or enhanced translational efficiency in plants and animals (Larsen et al. 2002; Hong et al. 2012; Huang et al. 2013).
If cutting is already highly efficient, strategies that utilize RNA polymerase II promoters that typically exhibit reduced cutting efficiency may represent alternatives (Nissim et al., 1016 ).
OA rats exhibited reduced sleep efficiency, slow-wave sleep, paradoxical sleep and an increased number of microarousals during the light periods compared with the baseline as well as control and sham groups.
Noticeably, strains producing the HPr-S46A or HPr-S46D mutant proteins exhibited reduced sporulation efficiency (Additional file 10: Table S6).
Likewise, MAT α, HMR GAL1pro:: a1, SIR4 strains exhibited reduced mating efficiency in cells grown on galactose-containing medium but not in cells grown on glucose-containing medium.
This is consistent with Hill Robertson interference: genes in low-GC regions tend to experience reduced recombination rates relative to high-GC environments and therefore exhibit reduced selection efficiency and hence increased dN/ dS.
Based on 3-dimensional modeling and previous structure-function studies, the SGA query mutant glc7-E101Q was predicted to exhibit reduced catalytic efficiency while maintaining structural similarity to wild type GLC7.
Compared with solitary species this social insect exhibits reduced immune system efficiency, as bacterial growth could not be inhibited.
In HeLa and HepG-2 cells, diblock and triblock copolymers exhibited reduced membrane activities and cytotoxicities but uncompromised gene transfection efficiencies compared to the non-PEGylated homo-PPABLG.
Our expectation was that, as a result of reduced mitochondrial ETC efficiency, higher- ND5 deletion isolates would exhibit reduced levels of ATP and oxidative stress resistance, together with increased ROS production compared to lower or zero- ND5 deletion isolates.
