It has been demonstrated that species that share similar ecological niches may exhibit competition when resources are scarce, but may show positive interactions under resource-rich conditions3,44.
In Fig. 1, the following three variable pairs exhibit competition, i.e., six variables exert mutually negative effects: patents-URs, products-FRs, and coordinators-awards.
Moreover, our improved encoding schemes also exhibit competition or even better performance than the classical analog joint source-channel coding scheme, especially in the low SNR range, while maintaining much lower complexity in the decoding procedure.
We found that protein degradation plays a central role, and is as important as protein production [ 15], because the downstream genes exhibit competition for regulatory proteins among binding sites on the DNA and so compete for protein degradation machinery.
Although antibodies exhibited strong competition activity against 4E10 and 10E8, neutralizing activity was not detected.
At 24 h postinfection, all of the mutants exhibited decreased competition levels relative to their respective complements and the fadD2 and ΔfadD2D1 mutant strains showed greater reduced fitness than the fadD1 mutant.
Pr0.55(Ca1 − ySr y )0.45MnO3 exhibits competition between the ferromagnetic metallic (FM) state and the antiferromagnetic charge-orbital ordered insulating (COOI) state[5].
We report that the progeny of a single RNA viral genome diversified during hundreds of passages in cell culture and self-organized into two genetically distinct subpopulations that exhibited the competition-colonization dynamics previously recognized in many classical ecological systems.
Experimental approaches in which mixed bacterial populations are studied in vitro or in vivo may reveal mechanisms by which these sub-populations may exhibit interference competition through direct interaction (Claverys and Håvarstein, 2007) or exploitative competition through shared dependence on a common resource (Fiegna and Velicer, 2005).
