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The two key variables in this study are macro-level variables: purchasing power parity and wage ratio, which exhibit variation across countries of origin and calendar years7.
Since the macro-level variables used in the estimation do not exhibit variation across people from the same source country in a given year, standard errors are calculated by clustering at the level of country of origin.
Meanwhile, the fetal characteristics also exhibit variation across these categories that generally follow clear monotonic patterns.
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There are several genes in this region that exhibit duplications and also exhibit variations across populations.
Similarly, our findings show that physician services for diabetic patients were comparable regardless of HFI status, whereas self-care activities exhibited variation across those with and without HFI.
Most infectious pathogens exhibit variation in virulence across space, time, or host species.
Furthermore, the general consensus that the molecular clock is an overly simple model of molecular evolution, based on the observation that most datasets exhibit variation in substitution rates across lineages, may be in part based on error in rate estimation such as we observed in this study.
Depending on the balance between these costs and benefits, animals can exhibit variation in the extent of group formation across species, populations of a single species, or even across the lifetime of an individual (Krause and Ruxton 2002).
It is important to note if task-related variation in foraging expression levels across species is due to mutations in regulatory mechanisms, then even closely related species may exhibit variation in foraging expression patterns.
Not only are observations noisy, and irregular in time, but the rate of progression may exhibit significant variation across patients.
Mapping estimated SNR values to MCSs, however, presents a challenge in multipath fading channels for which the performance of a given MCS of interest may exhibit significant variation across different channel models.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com