More exactly, φ exhibits modality de re if there is a subformula of φ of the form ⌈◻ψ⌉ or ⌈◇ψ⌉ containing either an occurrence of a name or a free occurrence of a variable.
These histograms show that all these case studies exhibit multi-modality, but in different degree.
Recent studies have shown that synesthetes exhibit superior modality-specific perceptual processing (e.g., color discrimination) than nonsynesthetes [ 4 7].
Sampling the parameter space according to π k, the posterior distribution of parameters after the k-th experiment, is challenging because the likelihood function can exhibit multi-modality, plateaus and abrupt changes as illustrated in Figure 1.
Nevertheless, this task is prohibitive when dealing with complex SSMs with massive data, due to the high computational cost of pMCMC and its poor performance when the posterior exhibits multi-modality.
In particular, the suggestion that bees sensitive to stimuli of a given sensory modality exhibit, at the same time, high sensitivity to all other stimuli, even belonging to different sensory modalities, is puzzling because it may imply a suboptimal division of labor, which in theory critically depends on the existence of different sensitivities for different stimuli.
Each modality exhibits special retinal abnormalities or structures.
Overall, it can be concluded that the non-surgical palatal expansion in young adults can be a useful modality exhibiting high success rate of suture separation and clinically acceptable stability following expansion.
We demonstrate here that 2- p-hydroxyanilino -4- p-chlorophenyl thiazole (SKi, also referred to as SKI-II), FTY72- p-hydroxyanilino -4- p-chlorophenyl thiazolee inhibit sphingosine kinase 1 activity with distinct kinetics, indicating that these compounds exhibit different binding modalities with sphingosine kinase 1.
Our analyses of three clades of bats that exhibit contrasting sensory modalities also revealed significantly different selection pressures.
