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Columbia University says proximity to fossil fuel exhaust sources, like power plants and trucking, causes learning disabilities in children.
However, the point estimates for total PM2.5 were consistently larger in magnitude compared with those for PM2.5 from exhaust sources.
Even here, however, cross-contamination from other nondiesel exhaust sources is a potential concern that needs to be evaluated.
First, PAH-contaminated environments are often characterized by mixtures derived from both petrogenic (e.g., oil spills) and pyrogenic (e.g., vehicle exhaust) sources.
One possible explanation for the larger associations for total PM than for PM from exhaust sources is larger error in the modeled concentrations for traffic exhaust.
The coefficient of variation was much higher for PM2.5 from exhaust sources compared with total PM2.5, which resulted in better precision for the estimates related to PM from exhaust.
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In some of them the propeller is situated behind the exhaust source to disperse hot air, reducing the heat signature.
This chapter presents the latest epidemiological evidence linking exposure to non-exhaust sources of PM on human health.
Scout bees are sent out exploring new food source in place of exhausted sources.
Although most studies into the toxicity and health consequences of roadside PM have focused on DEPs, the non-exhaust sources are attracting interest and deservedly so (van der Gon et al. 2013).
The PM components from road traffic include engine emissions, comprising largely of EC and OC, plus non-exhaust sources that are often characterised by elevated concentrations of transition metals (brake wear [copper, antimony], tyre abrasion [zinc], dust from road surfaces [iron]).
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