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Imidazolium- and pyridinium-based ILs decreased the onset curing temperature suggesting an accelerating effect, whereas those based on phosphonium salts exerted only a marginal effect on the curing process.
The result, Lockwood and colleagues report in two papers published online this week in the Proceedings of the Royal Society A, is that for the past half-century, the sun has exerted only a small influence on climate--about 3% compared with the warming influence of greenhouse gases and natural climate cycles (see illustration).
However, other viruses such as VSV were unable to prevent PKR activation after superinfection with SINV, whereas Influenza A infection exerted only a moderate preventive effect (∼50% reduction).
The TPR reactivity profile of MR was very similar, except for PP5 and XAP, which exerted only a marginally inhibitory effect on MR (Fig. 3C).
As expected, in the non-infected control cells (hMDMs and RAW 264.7) both STS and butyric acid induced a very high level of caspase-3 activity in contrast to anti-Fas antibodies, which exerted only a minor effect.
Bivariate analyses controlling for family functioning are shown in table 2 and it can be seen that this exerted only a slight effect on the estimate of common environmental covariation (drop of Cc from.36 to.31).
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Others are produced within the kidney and appear to exert only a local effect.
He observed that in a "commercial society" each individual is driven by self-interest and can exert only a negligible influence on prices.
With its forces in equilibrium, the truss exerts only a direct downward pressure on the walls, so that they need not be thickened or buttressed.
Therefore, the pennate muscle can exert a greater force but cannot shorten a great deal; the parallel-fibred muscle can exert only a relatively small force but can shorten significantly.
Most forging presses can exert only a few hundred tons of pressure, but giant presses, used for forging parts of jet aircraft, are capable of up to 50,000 tons of pressure.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com