It is also important to point out that we are certainly exposed to a mixture of EDCs, and the cumulative effects that these chemicals may exert in combination are only now being studied (Kortenkamp 2008).
Furthermore, miRs exert control in combination with other regulatory elements such as transcription factors [8].
The failure of the proposed $17 billion three-way deal to create the world's leading aluminum company came after the European Union's antitrust regulators objected to the dominance that the planned combination would have exerted in Europe's aluminum industry.
Recently, lapatinib has been shown to exert beneficial effects in combination with capecitabine in patients with HER2-positive advanced breast cancer that has progressed after prior treatment with an anthracycline, a taxane, and trastuzumab [9].
There was no evidence that any of the compounds could act as an antiestrogen in this assay or that they could exert synergistic effects in combination.
It is difficult to ascertain the independent effect of closely linked factors, e.g. race, insurance and socio-economic status, which are more likely to exert their effects in combination.
Additionally, the genomic influence on longevity that is exerted by both parents in combination, as appears to be the case in males, may be particularly important for the transmission of recessive genes.
In summary, besides conventional chemotherapy and proteasome inhibition, several novel, more-selective pharmacological approaches are at hand, which exert promising preclinical activity in combination with TRAIL.
Furthermore, we show that these agents, alone or in combination, exert their effect on cell growth via retinoid receptor-independent mechanisms.
Moreover, and as suggested by our findings, it is possible that SULT1A1 genotype only exerts a detectable effect in combination with other genes, not to mention several polymorphic genes that are involved in oestrogen metabolism.
