To address whether these RNPs exert their affect directly or via mediators we performed immunoprecipitation experiments asking whether pre-miRNAs are bound to hnRNPH1 or hnRNPR proteins.
Premature aging with decreased life-span has been observed in animal studies using mice that were homozygous for a hypomorphic mutation Brca1 allele and heterozygous for wild-type p53 (BrcaΔ11/ Δ 11 p53+/−) [29]; however, the mechanism by which BRCA genes exert their affect on mortality is not known.
As mentioned previously, the RUNX proteins are transcription factors or repressors for various target genes, and their action might be modulated through many different signaling pathways exerting their affect at various cellular levels as well as at various developmental levels.
Most of these SNPs seem to exert their effect by affecting beta-cell function, rather than insulin action [ 3].
Several drugs, such as chemotherapeutic agents, exert their action by affecting the activity of proteins part of the signal transduction machinery.
Despite the usefulness of the transcriptome data, most drugs exert their functions by affecting the activity of proteins, whereas it is known that there is a gap between the transcriptome and proteome [ 23].
These factors exert their effect mainly by affecting the microstructural distributions of fat and protein, and the degree of hydration (or aggregation) of the protein network in raw and heated cheeses.
Moreover, several studies have described the accumulation of mutant PrP molecules associated with hereditary PrDs at the ER and Golgi [7], [10], [11], [14], [15], [16], suggesting that some prion mutants may exert their pathological effects by affecting these organelles.
OHCs are known to exert their neurotoxic influence by affecting thyroid hormone homeostasis.
Flavonoids exert their anticancer action through affecting key mechanisms involved in cancer pathogenesis.
