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The findings are consistent with a model of optimal expectations in which low-ability individuals exert low effort in order to avoid information about their relative ability.
The existing clinical trials suggest that the beneficial effects of cranberry against UTIs seem to be prophylactic by preventing the development of infections; however, they exert low effectiveness in populations at increased risk for contracting UTIs.
They are considered to exert low toxicity both in vivo and in vitro, but the mechanisms involved in the cellular responses activated by these nanoobjects, even at non-toxic doses, have not been characterized in detail.
PECAM and ICAM exert low level of uptake of their antibodies.
Interestingly, recent studies have shown that PDAs that are highly bactericidal towards enteric pathogens exert low antimicrobial effect against commensal gut microbiota [ 251, 252].
Although much less potent compared to 17β-estradiol (E2) the three PCB congeners CB-138, CB-153 and CB-180, comprising up to 50% of the bio-accumulated sum of PCBs, elicit a receptor mediated antiestrogen and/or antiandrogen in vitro activity [ 15], and similarly some hydroxylated PCBs exert low potency estrogenic and/or antiestrogenic effects [ 16, 17].
Similar(53)
The GT exerts low computation burden and it is based on the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), making it suitable for practical implementation.
Use of low GABA concentration allows detecting compounds exerting low efficacy modulation.
In saliva, Histatin 5, a human basic salivary peptide with strong fungicidal properties in vitro, is salt sensitive and exerts low activity at high salt conditions [ 25].
Consistent with the concentration dependent manner that SP exerted, low concentrations (10−12 M) of SP stimulated alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin expression and upregulated Runx2 protein levels; our results also reflect the phenomena.
Only 15% (13/85) were found to have evidence of a dose-response threshold, whereas 59% (50/85) exerted low-dose effects.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com