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Retinoids, vitamin A metabolites and analogs, are ligands of the nuclear receptor superfamily that exert fundamental effects on cellular activities, including growth, differentiation, and death (regulation of apoptosis).
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Small molecules that inhibit the protein kinase A, G, and C (AGC) family of serine/threonine kinases can exert profound effects on cell homeostasis and thereby regulate fundamental processes such as heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolism, but there is not yet a clinically approved drug in the United States selective for a member of this family.
Interestingly, downmodulation of MDM2 was visible also in H1299 p53-null cells (40% reduction) without stimulation of p21WAF1/CIP1 transcription or protein expression indicating that the presence of a functional p53 protein is fundamental for mir-660 to exert antitumoral effects through the regulation of MDM2 levels.
Diffusion can exert a profound effect on spatial dynamics [4].
Neurotrophic factors exert substantial effects on the central nervous system.
Once inside bacterial cells, aminoglycosides exert their effects by binding to ribosomes, organelles that are fundamental to protein synthesis.
Chadwick says funded studies will address two fundamental data needs, one pertaining to potential transgenerational mechanisms and another to the number of chemicals thought to exert these effects.
Certain combinations may exert specific effects.
BPA seems to exert its effects through a number of mechanisms, including epigenetic modification.
Both factors exert positive effects.
Control MSCs did not exert these effects.
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