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Astrocyte processes envelop essentially all synapses [ 27, 183] and exert essential functions in maintaining the fluid, ion, pH, and transmitter homeostasis of the synaptic interstitial fluid in a manner that is critical for healthy synaptic transmission (Fig. 2a).
Taken together, Th17 may exert essential effects on the development of T1D.
However, in the absence of macrophages (MØ), the severe hypercholestoremia is not sufficient to drive the pathologic process in this model [1], demonstrating that these cells exert essential functions during atherogenesis.
HOX genes encode a class of transcription factors that contain an antennapedia (HOM gene) related homeobox and are conserved throughout metazoan evolution in vertebrates, and they exert essential roles on the morphogenesis of skeletal structure along the antero-posterior axis [36].
Together, these findings indicate that reactive astrocytes exert essential neuroprotective functions.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to exert essential regulatory functions in adipocyte development.
Similar(48)
The flow structure in melt exerts essential influence on the solid purity.
Testosterone is not only a factor in libido but also exerts essential effects on the anatomical and physiological substrate of penile erection.
The B-raf proto-oncogene exerts essential functions during development and adulthood.
Bone matrix constitutes a complex and organized framework that provides mechanical support and exerts essential role in the bone homeostasis.
It is now well established that the gut microbiota is engaged in a dynamic interaction with the host, exerting essential protective, functional, and metabolic functions [ 3].
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