Sentence examples for exert affects from inspiring English sources

Although a number of cancer genes contribute to tumorigenesis in a manner of co-occurring or anti-co-occurring mutations, it has been challenging to gain a global landscape of when, where, and how their interactions exert affects on tumor formation and development.

Although tamoxifen acts by blocking cell proliferation due to the effect of oestrogens, oestrogen metabolites continue to exert their affects on breast cells.

Studies using these inhibitors raised the possibility that rapamycin was exerting differential affects on S6 versus 4E-BP1 phosphorylathat that could account for sensitivity to mTOR inhibition [13], [38].

To begin to address how pyruvate might be exerting its affects on substrate regulation, the phosphorylation of PDH, the protein content of MCD, and the activity of SirT1 were determined.

Importantly, the genetic efficiency determinant not only exerts its affects within the tumour cell itself, but also in the primary tumour stroma as well as the microenvironment at distant sites.

Overall, this study provides a detailed overview of the response to exogenous gliotoxin in resistant and sensitive A. fumigatus strains, enhances our understanding of the manner in which gliotoxin exerts its affects as a toxin, and provides a unique glimpse into cross-talk between apparently unrelated secondary metabolite gene clusters.

Significantly, however, it is thought that oxyntomodulin, differing from glucagon only through an eight-amino acid C-terminal extension, exerts its affects, in mammalian cells primarily via the GLP-1 receptor, acting to reduce food intake in humans (Wynne et al., 2005; Schepp et al., 1996).

The localization of salinity tolerance QTL in multiple species to linkage groups where GH (i.e., on RT-9q & AC-20) and IGF2 are mapped (i.e., on RT-27 & AC-4/19) [ 11- 15] is consistent with the hypothesis that allelic variation at the loci encoding these hormones exerts significant affects on hypo-osmoregulatory capacity.

To address whether these RNPs exert their affect directly or via mediators we performed immunoprecipitation experiments asking whether pre-miRNAs are bound to hnRNPH1 or hnRNPR proteins.

From the observation of the latter rise in PSA level to the appearance of symptomatic metastases, the disease does not exert symptoms affecting physical wellbeing.

Premature aging with decreased life-span has been observed in animal studies using mice that were homozygous for a hypomorphic mutation Brca1 allele and heterozygous for wild-type p53 (BrcaΔ11/ Δ 11 p53+/−) [29]; however, the mechanism by which BRCA genes exert their affect on mortality is not known.