Oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) during exercise were assessed using an online gas analyser (Oxycon Pro, Jaeger, Germany).
Cardiovascular reactivity during exercise was assessed using a modified Astrand-Ryhming cycle ergometer protocol.
Leisure time exercise is assessed using the Godin Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (GLTPAQ) [ 53].
Oxygen saturation (SpO2) during exercise was assessed using a pulse oximeter.
Student response to this teaching exercise was assessed using a Course Evaluation Questionnaire.
Exercise was assessed using the Godin questionnaire [ 12], based on self-reported exercise frequency and intensity, which were combined according to the recommended algorithm and analyzed in quartiles.
Exercise was assessed using the question, "Compared with most (men/women) your age, would you say that you are more active, less active, or about the same?" The response was categorized as more, less or about the same.
Diabetes self-efficacy in regard to diet and exercise was assessed using 18 items derived from the Stanford University Patient Education Research Centre Self efficacy for Diabetes Scale (http://patienteducation.stanford.edu/research/sediabetes.pdf) and the Diabetes Empowerment Scale (21).
Physical exercise was assessed using questions modified from the MONICA/KORA study and from the questionnaire of Voorips et al. 3 9 16 Participants were asked how many hours per week they spent on physical exercise and sports (0 2, 2 4, 4 10, >10 h).
The significance of the differences in SpO2, RPE, HR, and [La]b between HO and NO conditions during the intermittent cycling exercise tests were assessed using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).
After the field exercise, trainees were assessed using a final set of 50 digital photographs that were projected and graded independently by the trainer.
