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We previously reported that self-efficacy for managing pain (perceptions of personal capability to exercise control over pain or associated problems) was associated significantly and positively with use of task persistence, exercise/stretch, coping self-statements, and activity pacing to cope with pain in a sample of 140 retirement facility residents with persistent pain [ 16].
This makes no further normative claims about restrictions or entitlements related to the exercise of those tasks, and is compatible with most forms of government.
Using a meta-regression analysis, Lambourne et al. [ 58] showed that regardless of the type of exercise cognitive task performance improved after physical activity.
As evidence suggests that acute NaHCO3 ingestion may have a preferential effect on type II muscle fibres [83], further study comparing different combinations of exercise task demands and muscle groups may also clarify the effect of NaHCO3 on rates of torque development and muscle recruitment in humans.
Quantitative classification of exercise using metabolic equivalent of task (MET) may be a better choice to grasp the differences in detail.
However, this inverted U-relationship has been criticized and recent research emphasizes that the effects of physical exercise on cognitive tasks are especially task-type dependent (e.g., [10]).
Exercise behavior was quantified as weekly metabolic equivalents of task (MET) spent on exercise activities.
To elucidate mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of physical fitness and acute exercise, behavioral and electrophysiological indices of task preparation and response inhibition as a part of executive functions were assessed in a modified version of an Eriksen flanker task subsequent to an acute bout of aerobic exercise and a period of rest, respectively.
Further, this study took steps toward a development of standardized exercise task to examine the effect of acute bouts of mechanical loading on bone and cartilage metabolism in humans, since previous research has been focused on animal models [15, 16].
In the "fire in the high school" and "fire in the elementary school" exercises (Exercises 4 and 10, Table 2), firemen wearing smoke helmets evacuated smoke-injured young people for most of the exercise, a task that they were well acquainted with from previous experience (Fig. 2).
Also, while perceived speech production difficulty is strongly correlated with the difficulty of the exercise task [10 12], significant inter-speaker variability has been observed despite these correlations.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.
Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com